Lecture

Crystal growth: Physics, technology, and modeling

Academic year 2022-2023 Semester I

 

Stanisław Krukowski, Michał Leszczyński

IWC PAN, Sokołowska 29/37 01-142 Warszawa

 

Zbigniew Żytkiewicz

IF PAN, Al. Lotników 32-46 02-668 Warszawa

 

http://w3.unipress.waw.pl/~stach/cg-2022-23/

 

Description

 

The development of information technologies, includes the design and fabrication of new electronic devices of nanometer size, the emergence of new molecular diagnostic techniques (e.g. for medical purposes) requires understanding of the basics of the methods of design and fabrication of the new materials and structures. This course will cover problems of the understanding, design, fabrication and determination of the properties of nano-structures and nano-materials, forming an introduction to nanotechnology. Therefore the subject of the lecture will be devoted to the basic methods of crystal growth, both volumetric, at the macro scale, and quantum structures of the dimensions in micro and nano range. Currently, courses in physics, chemistry or material engineering in Poland, both in Warsaw and in other cities, do not include lectures on the fundamentals of crystal growth. Therefore the students working in these areas need additional training. The program proposed below includes a course in the fundamentals of crystal growth (especially of semiconductors), both from a theoretical point of view and a review of the main growth techniques and characterization methods. We assume that this course will not be an exhaustive description of the subject. Instead, it will provide a sufficient foundation for understanding the field, while providing a good starting point for further independent study in the future research work. The course is intended for PhD students that they have mastered the basics of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and solid state physics at the university level. At the end of the year-long lecture series we foresee a visit of the students to the crystal growth laboratories of the Institute of Physics PAS and the Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS in Warsaw. This will allow interested students to familiarize themselves with the existing experimental facilities and with details of the research work in progress.

 

Technical notes

 

The lectures will be given on Wednesdays at 9.00 in the premises of the Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences.

 

The links in the title will provide access to pdf file of the lecture. Usually this will be in the preceding week. The student could download the lecture and look BEFORE the lecture. The students are strongly encouraged to do that.

 

Any students interested in physics and technology, from Warsaw4PhD School, but also from other partner institutions in Warsaw are invited to the lecture.

 

Semester I (Aula)

 

  1.  Growth of semiconductor bulk crystals in Poland and in the world – an overview (Michał Leszczyński - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 05.10.2022

 

  1. Thermodynamic equilibrium (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 12.10.2022

 

  1. Semiconductor epitaxy in Poland and in the world – an overview (Michał Leszczyński - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 19.10.2022

 

  1. Properties of crystal surfaces  (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 26.10.2022

 

  1. Thermodynamics of growth processes (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 02.11.2022

 

  1. Kinetic processes at surfaces (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 09.11.2022 & 16.11.2022 . The lecture on 16.11.2022 will be held in Room D, next to Aula.

 

  1. Step motion (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 23.11.2022

 

  1. Transport in vapor and liquid phase (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 30.11.2022 The lecture on 30.11.2022 will be held in Room D, next to Aula.

 

  1. Doping – point defects (Keshra Sangwal - – Lublin University of Technology) 07.12.2022

The lecture will be convened in the remote mode. The link to the ZOOM Session is: https://zoom.us/j/99833690182?pwd=T3FpMEJWa2dteVlzU3oxSVpuZk9YUT09

 

  1. Dislocations and other extended defects (Keshra Sangwal – Lublin University of Technology) 14.12.2022

The lecture will be convened in the remote mode. The link to the ZOOM Session is: https://zoom.us/j/99833690182?pwd=T3FpMEJWa2dteVlzU3oxSVpuZk9YUT09

 

  1. Shape selection and stability during growth (Stanisław Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 21.12.2022

 

  1. Modeling of the growth in macroscale (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 11.01.2023

 

  1. Modeling of the growth in atomic scale (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 18.01.2023

 

  1. Problems to be solved (Stanislaw Krukowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 25.01.2023

 

 

Semester II (Room D)

 

I. Growth of crystals and epitaxial structures

 

  1. Epitaxy – an introduction (Zbigniew R. Żytkiewicz - Institute of Physics PAS) 22.02.2023

 

  1. Bulk crystal growth from gas phase (Michał Boćkowski - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 01.03.2023

 

  1. Molecular beam epitaxy (Zbigniew R. Żytkiewicz - Institute of Physics PAS) 08.03.2023

 

  1. Molecular beam epitaxy of nitride semiconductors (Zbigniew R. Żytkiewicz - Institute of Physics PAS) 15.03.2023

 

  1. Growth of bulk crystals from the melt or solution. (Tomasz Słupiński - Institute of Physics PAS)  22.03.2023

 

  1. Gas phase epitaxy (Michał Leszczyński - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 29.03.2023

 

  1. Liquid phase epitaxy and lateral overgrowth of semiconductors (Zbigniew R. Żytkiewicz - Institute of Physics PAS) 05.04.2023

 

  1. Atomic layer deposition (Elzbieta Guziewicz - Institute of Physics PAS) 12.04.2023

 

II. Characterization of crystals and epitaxial structures

 

  1. Surface studies of crystals (Bogdan Kowalski - Institute of Physics PAS) 19 .04.2023

 

  1. Selected methods of transmission electron microscopy (Sławomir Kret - Institute of Physics PAS) 26.04.2023

 

  1. Electrical characterization of semiconductors and semiconductor based structures (Ramon Schifano - Institute of Physics PAS) 10.05.2023

 

  1. X-ray diffraction studies of crystals (Michał Leszczyński - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 17.05.2023

 

  1. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (Paweł Michałowski – Łukasiewicz Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics) 31.05.2023

 

  1. Optical properties of crystals (Piotr Perlin - Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS) 24.05.2023

 

  1. Electronic and optical properties of graphene and other 2D materials (Andrzej Wysmołek – Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw) 07.06.2023 The lecture was shifted to 28.06.2023.